Intervención internacional a través de los medios de comunicación en sociedades posguerra: Perspectivas a partir de las epistemologías del sur

Over the past two decades, international intervention in post-war settings has strictly followed liberal assumptions and practices. Efforts to build and shape the media in the aftermath of armed conflict are no exception. In setting the foundations for the rule of law, liberal democracy and free market, external actors have (re)defined what constitutes the mediascape – that is, the various spheres of communication within public discourse – and how to (re)construct it. Imprinted with modernity’s tenets and western assumptions about the public space, this approach has understood the mediascape narrowly as limited to traditional, established, liberal media, serving to validate particular actors and processes whilst obscuring, neglecting and shutting off global diversity. Law and technology, this paper argues, are the two main axes through which legitimation and exclusion are effected. A myopic focus on legal and technological aspects of the media reduces a rich space of local discourses, norms and practices to western-like media legislation, training and outlets, narrowing in turn the sites for addressing violence and building peace.Durante las últimas dos décadas, la intervención internacional en contextos posguerra ha seguido estrictamente los supuestos y prácticas liberales. Los esfuerzos para construir y dar forma a los medios de comunicación después de los conflictos armados no son una excepción. Al sentar las bases del estado de derecho, de la democracia liberal y del libre mercado, los actores externos han definido lo que constituye el paisaje mediático, es decir, las diversas esferas de la comunicación en el discurso público y cómo reconstruirlo. Imbuido con los principios de la modernidad y los supuestos occidentales sobre el espacio público, este enfoque ha entendido el panorama mediático estrechamente como limitado a los medios tradicionales, establecidos y liberales, sirviendo para validar actores y procesos particulares mientras oscurece, descuida y cierra la diversidad global. El derecho y la tecnología, sostiene este documento, son los dos ejes principales a través de los cuales se efectúan la legitimación y la exclusión. Un enfoque miope en los aspectos legales y tecnológicos de los medios de comunicación que reduce un rico espacio de discursos, normas y prácticas locales a la legislación, la formación y los medios de comunicación de los medios occidentales, reduciendo a su vez los sitios para abordar la violencia y construir la paz

A new look into the evolution of clusters literature. A bibliometric exercise

In the contemporary globalising knowledge-based economies, local clusters have become crucial elements of regional development, assuming a significant role in both academic and political fields. Although there is an intuitive awareness about the raising importance of the theoretical debate on clusters, there is a substantial lack of empirical support of its precise magnitude and evolution. Moreover, the majority of literature surveys on clusters are exclusively qualitative-based. Aiming at filling this gap, the main purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative survey of the cluster literature, using bibliometric techniques based on articles. Based on a throughout analysis of all abstracts of articles on clusters published in journals indexed on the Econlit and EBSCO databases, covering the period 1962-2007, our research show that besides their importance in academic fields, the role of clusters has also been widely acknowledged in political spheres. In parallel with the increasing interest in the ‘local’, there has been, as well, an emergent body of literature on global networks and clusters. Moreover, on the basis of the recent boom on clusters literature stands the emergent themes of ‘local networks and social approaches’ and ‘knowledge-based theories’. Literature associated to ‘regional and national innovation systems’ and to ‘institutional approaches’ (local enrooted cultures, governance and customs) has been object of a particular dynamism since the 1990s. Despite the evidence of a clear positive correlation between journals ‘quality’ and formal related research, the evolution of the literature on clusters continues to be mostly appreciative led.Clusters, Industrial Clusters, Industrial Location; Bibliometrics

Manejo de la conducta suicida

El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue revisar la literatura científica reciente que trata sobre el manejo enfermero de la conducta suicida. Se utilizó toda la literatura encontrada en: Cochrane plus, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud España, Cuiden, Medline, Scielo, Pubmed desde el año 2000. Se seleccionaron 26 artículos para esta revisión. Los resultados obtenidos se basan en la evaluación e intervención de conductas suicidas, la evaluación se lleva a cabo en Atención Primaria, se seleccionan los pacientes con más factores de riesgo y se les evalúa. En el caso de la intervención, se realiza en el servicio de urgencias, aquí acuden los pacientes que han cometido un acto suicida, se les valora y se lleva a cabo el plan citado posteriormente. Las conclusiones a las que hemos llegado es que una correcta evaluación e intervención ante el riesgo de suicidio da lugar a una reducción del número de fallecimientos por suicidio, el equipo de Atención Primaria es el más capacitado para realizar las actividades de evaluación e intervención.Grado en Enfermerí

Propuesta didáctica de actividades innovadoras integradas en la Unidad Didáctica de Ecosistemas para 4º ESO

El trabajo muestra el desarrollo completo de la investigación llevada a cabo para elaborar una propuesta didáctica de actividades innovadoras integradas en la unidad didáctica de ecosistemas. Después de analizar el contexto y participar de la realidad educativa, se diseñan los contenidos y elaboran las actividades que se iban a llevar a la práctica, así como la evaluación de las mismas. Una vez puesta en práctica la propuesta didáctica, se concluye con un análisis positivo de la eficacia metodológica planteada para cada actividad (el método del caso, la analogía, el juego y herramientas TIC) y de la importancia de introducir la innovación en el aulaThe study introduces the research carried out in order to elaborate a proposal for innovative activities regarding the ecosystems didactic unit. After analyzing the context and the first experience at the educational practice’s center, the curricular content is designed and the innovative activities are developed as well as their evaluation process. Once the learning proposal is implemented, the work is concluded with a positive assessment of the methodology used for each activity (the case method, the analogies, the play and ICT tools) and the importance of the role the didactic innovation plays when being introduced in the classroo

Meningite bacteriana pós-traumática em idade pediátrica

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina (Pediatria), apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de CoimbraIntrodução: O traumatismo crânio-encefálico é um motivo frequente de observação nos serviços de urgência pediátrica. Nos casos mais graves, com fractura da base do crânio, a meningite bacteriana é uma complicação séria e potencialmente fatal a considerar. Objectivo: Caracterizar os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais, microbiológicos e evolução das crianças com o diagnóstico de meningite bacteriana pós-traumática, bem como a proporção de meningites na população que sofreu traumatismo crânio-encefálico. Material e métodos: Revisão dos processos clínicos das crianças com este diagnóstico, admitidas num hospital de nível 3 da Região Centro de Portugal, contextualizada no levantamento do número de traumatismos crânio-encefálicos, de fracturas e de fístulas de líquido cefalo-raquidiano, durante um período de 11 anos (Janeiro de 1999 a Dezembro de 2009). Resultados: Foram identificadas quatro crianças com meningite bacteriana pós-traumática, correspondendo a 0,7% das crianças com fractura do crânio, a 4,1% das que apresentavam fractura da base e a 13,8% daquelas em que foi documentada fístula de líquido cefaloraquidiano. Três eram do sexo masculino, com mediana de idade de 8 anos (2 - 10 anos). O tempo decorrido entre o traumatismo crânio-encefálico e o diagnóstico de meningite bacteriana teve mediana de 1,1 anos (3 dias - 3,4 anos). Em todos os casos foi documentada fractura da base do crânio e existência de fístula de líquido cefalo-raquidiano. Duas crianças foram submetidas a intervenção neurocirúrgica. Streptococcus pneumoniae foi o gérmen identificado no líquido cefalo-raquidiano nos dois casos com cultura positiva. Uma criança faleceu e outra apresentou paralisia facial periférica pós-traumática. Conclusões: A meningite bacteriana é uma complicação a ter em conta no traumatismo crânio-encefálico com fractura da base do crânio, sobretudo se estiver associado a fístula de líquido cefalo-raquidiano, mesmo tendo o traumatismo ocorrido vários anos antes. Trata-se, habitualmente, de uma situação grave. Uma criança faleceu. À semelhança do que está descrito, S. pneumoniae foi o gérmen mais frequente, pelo que crianças com TCE e fístula de líquido cefalo-raquidiano devem receber a vacina anti-pneumocócica. O seguimento destas crianças exige uma vigilância constante e deve incluir uma avaliação multidisciplinaremergency services. In severe cases, with basilar skull fracture, bacterial meningitis is a serious and potentially fatal complication to be considered. Objective: To describe clinical and laboratory features, bacteriology and outcome of children with post-traumatic meningitis, and evaluate the proportion of meningitis in the population who suffered head trauma. Methods and materials: Retrospective review of medical records of children with this diagnosis admitted to a level 3 pediatric hospital in the Central Region of Portugal, contextualized in the evaluation of the number of head injuries, fractures and cerebrospinal fluid leakages, during a 11-year period (January 1999 to December 2009). Results: Four children were identified, corresponding to 0,7% of the children with skull fractures, 4,1% of children with basilar skull fractures and 13,8% of those with documented cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Three were boys, with a median age of 8 years (2 – 10 years). The median time between head trauma and meningitis was 1,1 years (3 days - 3,4 years). In all cases a basilar skull fracture was identified and cerebrospinal fluid leakage documented. Two children required surgery. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the pathogen identified in two cases with positive cerebrospinal fluid culture. One child died and other has post-traumatic peripheral facial palsy. Conclusions: Bacterial meningitis is a complication to be considered in head injury with basilar skull fracture, particularly when associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, even though the injury occurred several years earlier, and is usually a serious condition. One of our children died. Similar to what is described, S. pneumoniae was the most common bacteria, and this fact supports that children with head trauma and cerebrospinal fluid leakage should receive pneumococcal vaccine. The follow-up of these children requires constant vigilance and should include a multidisciplinary approach

Quality, Success, Communication and Contribution in Open Source Software

Free and open source software projects are often perceived to be of high quality. To a great extend the success of open source software seems to be due to an implicit but effective connection between communication and contributions in its development process. In this paper, we present a snapshot of the state the art on quality and success of Open Source Software (OSS) based on a review of the literature. For each of these concepts, we describe various measures considered in the literature and a number of methods by which they are obtained. Contributions to an Open Source Software (OSS) project are made through communication among developers and users. We elaborate on the concrete notions of communication and contribution in Open Source Software (OSS) and their links

When the conversation doesn’t include you: representations of transgender identities in EFL source materials

Treball Final de Grau en Estudis Anglesos. Codi: EA0938. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020Language has a strong symbolic power that needs to be understood in relation to its social meaning. From a poststructuralist perspective, it is through language that individuals construct and negotiate their multiple social identities in signifying discursive practices. However, habitus and doxa underlie the systems of power that approve discursive practices depending on their conformity with the norm. Then, those individuals whose identities are considered non-normative, such as women, homosexuals, or transgender people have been discursively excluded to the margins of society. Moreover, in the language-learning environment, educational materials have been shown to reflect hegemony by not questioning heteronormativity and cisnormativity. On the contrary, audiovisual media, that may be used as additional language-learning sources, have revealed a wider range of identity options. In this respect, Norton Peirce’s (1995) model of investment emerged with a view to explore the impact of identity options in learners’ investment in language learning. Nevertheless, no research to date has focused either on the underrepresentation of transgender people in textbooks and audiovisual media, or on the impact that such visibility may have in learners’ investment. Thus, this paper aims, firstly, to consider the extent to which transgender people are represented in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) written sources. Secondly, the range of subject positions present in an audiovisual source will be explored and compared with that in textbooks. Finally, the impact that trans visibility in language learning sources may have on learners’ investment will be discussed, together with the role of EFL teachers in dealing with silenced identities in the classroom. The study revealed that whereas transgender misrepresentation in language-learning textbooks is still an issue, audiovisual media tend to offer a more realistic image of diversity in society. In line with previous studies, trans representation was suggested to enhance learners’ investment due to the wider range of subject positions which learners can use to participate in classroom practices. These results are discussed and suggestions for further research are given

Examining the influence of muscle fatigue on knee joint mechanics during an athletic cutting task

The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of lower limb muscle fatigue on the mechanics of the knee joint during an athletic cutting task. A biomechanical methodology was utilized to examine 12 recreationally active females, who cycled through a fatigue-inducing protocol, using a slideboard, followed by the performance of five maximal cuts, until fatigue resulted in trial termination. 3D motion capture was utilized to capture full body movements and changing joint angles of the hip, knee and ankle during the weight acceptance of the cutting maneuver. A force plate was used to record the ground reaction forces of the participants during weight acceptance of the athletic cut. Lastly, surface electromyography monitored the muscle activity of nine muscles on the dominant leg of the participants. Repeated measures ANOVA (p\u3c0.05), with Tukey’s significant post hoc test, was used to determine significance of the main effect of time on the measured variables. Analysis of the kinematic data revealed that, as fatigue progressed, hip and knee flexion angle significantly decreased during weight acceptance. Kinetic data revealed that peak anterior-posterior shear force significantly increased, and medial-lateral impulse of force significantly decreased, as participants progressed through the fatiguing protocol. Finally, surface electromyography data showed an overall significant decrease in muscle activation from the beginning to the end of trial, however, further investigation of pairwise comparisons indicated that, from 60-100% of the trial, muscle activation significantly increased. This work contributes to the body of work concerning exercise induced muscle fatigue and provides further insight into the underlying mechanism of acute injury during heightened fatigued states. The knowledge gained from this study can be used to advise and improve training prescription and monitoring strategies